327.WHAT IS GEOMETRY?
With the invention of the zero, we would still need some way to tell the value of each figure when writing a number. The invention of the zero made it possible to drop the words or marks used to show place value or values, and to use the position of a figure in a number to show its value.
Any time we deal with the shape, size, and position of objects in space, we are involved in geometry. When prehistoric people did a certain kind of weaving and decoration, they were using geometry without knowing it.
326.HOW DID THE STOCK EXCHANGE START?
Many millions of people — possibly half the population of the United States — have a personal interest in what happens on the stock exchange. Some are directly concerned because they are part owners of companies through stock; others are holders of government and other listed securities; and yet another group are holders of insurance policies and savings bank accounts, since banks and insurance companies invest much of their assets in listed securities.
A stock exchange is a market for the purchase and sale of securities, such as shares, stocks, and bonds. Such markets have existed for centuries. They had their beginnings in the regular meetings, usually in a coffeehouse or restaurant, of a few men who acted as intermediaries between buyers and sellers. They did this for a commission.
325.HOW DID OUR LAWS ORIGINATE?
The concept of justice, or law, comes into being as soon as any kind of social relationship is created. For example, Robinson Crusoe, living alone, had no need for laws. There was no one with whose rights he could interfere by exercising his own freedom of action. But as soon as his man Friday appeared, there was a chance of conflict between his rights and those of his servant. Law then became necessary.
The purpose of law is to set down and to make clear the social relationships among individuals and, between the individual and Society. It tries to give to each person as much liberty of action as fits in with the liberty of others.
